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This database contains 160 studies, archived under the term: "Background"

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Effect of a human-type communication robot on cognitive function in elderly women living alone
Background: Considering the high prevalence of dementia, it would be of great value to develop effective tools to improve cognitive function. We examined the effects of a human-type communication robot on cognitive function in elderly women living alone.; Material/methods: In this study, 34 healthy elderly female volunteers living alone were randomized to living with either […]

Effects of multicomponent exercise on cognitive function in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial
Background: To examine the effects of a multicomponent exercise program on the cognitive function of older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).; Design: Twelve months, randomized controlled trial;; Setting: Community center in Japan;; Participants: Fifty older adults (27 men) with aMCI ranging in age from 65 to 93 years (mean age, 75 years);; Intervention: […]

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for anxiety in people with dementia: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Background: Many people with dementia experience anxiety, which can lead to decreased independence, relationship difficulties and increased admittance to care homes. Anxiety is often treated with antipsychotic medication, which has limited efficacy and serious side effects. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is widely used to treat anxiety in a range of populations, yet no RCTs on […]

Increased cerebral metabolism after 1 year of deep brain stimulation in Alzheimer disease
Background: The importance of developing unique, neural circuitry-based treatments for the cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer disease (AD) was the impetus for a phase I study of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with AD that targeted the fornix.; Objective: To test the hypotheses that DBS would increase cerebral glucose metabolism in cortical and […]

Mild to moderate cognitive impairment is a major risk factor for mortality and nursing home admission in the first year after hip fracture
Background: It is not well established if and to what extent mild to moderate cognitive impairment predicts mortality and risk of nursing home admission after hip fracture.; Objective: To investigate prospectively whether and to what extent mild to moderate cognitive impairment, contributes to mortality and admission to nursing home in the first year after acute […]

Ageing in general practice (AGP) trial: a cluster randomised trial to examine the effectiveness of peer education on GP diagnostic assessment and management of dementia
Background: Dementia is increasing in prevalence as the population ages. An earlier rather than later diagnosis allows persons with dementia and their families to plan ahead and access appropriate management. However, most diagnoses are made by general practitioners (GPs) later in the course of the disease and are associated with management that is poorly adherent […]

Mechanism of amyloid removal in patients with Alzheimer disease treated with gantenerumab
Background: Gantenerumab is a fully human anti-Aβ monoclonal antibody in clinical development for the treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD).; Objectives: To investigate whether treatment with gantenerumab leads to a measurable reduction in the level of Aβ amyloid in the brain and to elucidate the mechanism of amyloid reduction.; Design: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose […]

An inpatient rehabilitation model of care targeting patients with cognitive impairment
Background: The course and outcomes of hip fracture patients are often complicated by the presence of dementia and delirium, referred to as cognitive impairment (CI), which limits access to in-patient rehabilitation. In response to this concern, members of our team developed and piloted an in-patient rehabilitation model of care (Patient-Centred Rehabilitation Model; PCRM) targeting patients […]

Memory and communication support strategies in dementia: effect of a training program for informal caregivers
Background: People with dementia have a range of needs that are met by informal caregivers. A DVD-based training program was developed using research-based strategies for memory and communication in dementia. The effectiveness of the training on the caregiver experience and the well-being of the person with dementia was evaluated.; Methods: A pre-test/post-test controlled trial was […]

Evaluation of the regional cerebral blood flow changes during long-term donepezil therapy in patients with Alzheimer’s disease using 3DSRT
Background: We attempt to evaluate objectively the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes during long-term donepezil therapy and the relationship between the clinical response and rCBF change in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD).; Patients and Methods: Thirty-one patients with mild-to-moderate AD (11 men, 20 female; mean age, 76.2 ± 6.7 years) were treated with donepezil […]

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