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This database contains 160 studies, archived under the term: "Background"

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Aerobic exercise increases hippocampal volume in older women with probable mild cognitive impairment: a 6-month randomised controlled trial
Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a well-recognised risk factor for dementia and represents a vital opportunity for intervening. Exercise is a promising strategy for combating cognitive decline by improving brain structure and function. Specifically, aerobic training (AT) improved spatial memory and hippocampal volume in healthy community-dwelling older adults. In older women with probable MCI, […]

Family oversight and the quality of nursing home care for residents with advanced dementia
Background: The quality of nursing home (NH) care for residents with advanced dementia has been described as suboptimal. One relatively understudied factor in the provision of NH care is the role of private oversight and monitoring by family members and friends. Objective: To examine the association between private oversight and the quality of end-of-life care […]

Reducing dangerous nighttime events in persons with dementia by using a nighttime monitoring system
Background: Nighttime activity, a common occurrence in persons with dementia, increases the risk for injury and unattended home exits and impairs the sleep patterns of caregivers. Technology is needed that will alert caregivers of nighttime activity in persons with dementia to help prevent injuries and unattended exits. Methods: As part of a product development grant, […]

Improving patient-centered care for people dementia in medical encounters: An educational intervention for old age psychiatrists
Background: Health care professionals are recommended to deliver patient-centered care in dementia; however, guidance and training on how to do this in practice is currently lacking. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate pragmatically an educational intervention for old age psychiatrists to promote patient-centered care in their consultations with people with dementia […]

Treatment of vascular risk factors is associated with slower decline in Alzheimer disease
Background: There is growing evidence that vascular risk factors (VRF) contribute to cognitive decline. Whether their treatment can slow down the progression of Alzheimer disease (AD) remains unsettled. The aim of this observational study was to evaluate whether the treatment of VRF is associated with a slower cognitive decline in patients who have AD without […]

Memantine in moderately-severe-to-severe Alzheimer’s disease: A postmarketing surveillance study
Background: Postmarketing surveillance studies (PMS) are an important tool for evaluating a drug’s effectiveness and safety in clinical practice. To our knowledge, no PMS on memantine monotherapy for moderately-severe-to-severe Alzheimer’s disease (AD) according to National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke—Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria has been conducted to date. Objective: […]

Use of anticholinergics and the risk of cognitive impairment in an African American population
Background: Anticholinergic properties of certain medications often go unrecognized, and are frequently used by the elderly population. Few studies have yet defined the long-term impact of these medications on the incidence of cognitive impairment. Methods: We report a 6-year longitudinal, observational study, evaluating 1,652 community-dwelling African American subjects over the age of 70 years who […]

Brief psychosocial therapy for the treatment of agitation in Alzheimer disease (the CALM-AD trial)
Background: Good practice guidelines state that a psychological intervention should usually precede pharmacotherapy, but there are no data evaluating the feasibility of psychological interventions used in this way. Methods: At the first stage of a randomized blinded placebo-controlled trial, 318 patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) with clinically significant agitated behavior were treated in an open […]

Efficacy and safety of cerebrolysin in moderate to moderately severe Alzheimer’s disease: Results of a randomized, double‐blind, controlled trial investigating three dosages of cerebrolysin
Background: Cerebrolysin is a neuropeptide preparation mimicking the effects of neurotrophic factors. This subgroup analysis assessed safety and efficacy of Cerebrolysin in patients with moderate to moderately severe Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (ITT data set: N = 133; MMSE: 14–20) included in a dose‐finding study (ITT data set: N = 251; MMSE: 14–25). Results of the […]

Randomized controlled trial of a Healthy Brain Ageing Cognitive Training program: Effects on memory, mood, and sleep
Background: With the rise in the ageing population and absence of a cure for dementia, cost-effective prevention strategies for those ‘at risk’ of dementia including those with depression and/or mild cognitive impairment are urgently required. Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy of a multifaceted Healthy Brain Ageing Cognitive Training (HBA-CT) program for older adults ‘at […]

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