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This database contains 160 studies, archived under the term: "Background"

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Psychotropic medication use and cognition in institutionalized older adults with mild to moderate dementia
Background: Most studies examining psychotropic medication use on cognition in older persons with dementia include measures of global cognitive function. The present study examined the relationship between different types of psychotropic medication and specific cognitive functions in older people with dementia.; Methods: Two hundred and six institutionalized older adults with dementia (180 women, mean age […]

Long-term follow-up of patients immunized with AN1792: reduced functional decline in antibody responders
Background: Immunization of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with synthetic amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta(42)) (AN1792) was previously studied in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2a clinical trial, Study AN1792(QS-21)-201. Treatment was discontinued following reports of encephalitis. One year follow-up revealed that AN1792 antibody responders showed improvements in cognitive measures as assessed by the neuropsychological test battery […]

Safety and efficacy of galantamine (Reminyl) in severe Alzheimer’s disease (the SERAD study): a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial
Background: The efficacy of galantamine has been shown in patients with mild, moderate, and advanced moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here we report its efficacy in patients with severe AD.; Methods: Between December, 2003, and March, 2007, patients aged 84 (SD 6) years with severe AD (mini-mental state examination [MMSE] score 5-12 points), in a nursing […]

Quality of life of residents with dementia in traditional versus small-scale long-term care settings: a quasi-experimental study
Background: The number of people living with dementia worldwide is increasing, resulting in a need for more residential care. In response to criticism of the traditional medical approach to residential dementia care, many large nursing homes are transforming their traditional care facilities into more home-like small-scale living facilities.; Objectives: This study examined the assumed benefits […]

Subjective report of word-finding and memory deficits in normal aging and dementia
Objective: Compare subjective reports of both memory and word-finding deficits to clinical diagnosis and objective neuropsychological testing.; Background: With the increasing number of aging individuals with cognitive impairments, effective screening measures would improve the likelihood of detection. Subjective reports of symptoms are typically obtained in clinical settings, yet the validity of these reports is relatively […]

The effects of participation in leisure activities on neuropsychiatric symptoms of persons with cognitive impairment: a cross-sectional study
BACKGROUND: People with cognitive impairment have been shown to engage in few structured activities. During periods of unoccupied time or boredom, these patients most likely manifest neuropsychiatric symptoms. OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to (1) describe the leisure-activity indicators (variety in leisure activities, appraisal of each activity’s restorative function, and leisure dysfunction, i.e. […]

Vitamin E and memantine in Alzheimer’s disease: clinical trial methods and baseline data
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been associated with both oxidative stress and excessive glutamate activity. A clinical trial was designed to compare the effectiveness of (i) alpha-tocopherol, a vitamin E antioxidant; (ii) memantine (Namenda), an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist; (iii) their combination; and (iv) placebo in delaying clinical progression in AD.; Methods: The Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies […]

The OPERA trial: protocol for a randomised trial of an exercise intervention for older people in residential and nursing accommodation
Background: Depression is common in residents of Residential and Nursing homes (RNHs). It is usually undetected and often undertreated. Depression is associated with poor outcomes including increased morbidity and mortality. Exercise has potential to improve depression, and has been shown in existing trials to improve outcomes among younger and older people. Existing evidence comes from […]

Individual Cognitive Stimulation Therapy for dementia (iCST): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Background: Improving the quality of care for people with dementia and their carers has become a national priority in many countries. Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) groups can be beneficial in improving cognition and quality of life for people with dementia. The aim of the current study is to develop and evaluate a home-based individual Cognitive […]

Feasibility study of an optimised person-centred intervention to improve mental health and reduce antipsychotics amongst people with dementia in care homes: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Background: People living in care homes often have complex mental and physical health problems, disabilities and social needs which are compounded by the use of psychiatric and other drugs. In the UK dementia care is a national priority with a vast impact on services. WHELD combines the most effective elements of existing approaches to develop […]

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