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This database contains 1231 studies, archived under the term: "humans"

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Activity loss is associated with cognitive decline in age-related macular degeneration
Background/methods: The objective of this study was to determine whether relinquishing cognitive, physical, and social activities is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We conducted a 3-year longitudinal study of 206 nondemented patients with AMD.; Results: Twenty-three subjects (14.4%) declined cognitively. Age, sex, education, decline in […]

Vascular risk factors and cognitive function among 3763 participants in the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial (HYVET): a cross-sectional analysis
Background: It is well known that the global population is aging and that those over the age of 80 are the fastest growing part of this expansion. Also known is that prevalence of hypertension and cognitive decline both increase with increasing age.; Method: The Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial (HYVET) was a double blind […]

Relationship between baseline glycemic control and cognitive function in individuals with type 2 diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors: the action to control cardiovascular risk in diabetes-memory in diabetes (ACCORD-MIND) trial
Objective: Diabetes is associated with cognitive decline and dementia. However, the relationship between the degree of hyperglycemia and cognitive status remains unclear. This was explored using baseline cognitive measures collected in the ongoing Memory in Diabetes (MIND) substudy of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial.; Research Design and Methods: The relationship […]

Postmenopausal hormone therapy and subclinical cerebrovascular disease: the WHIMS-MRI Study
Objective: The Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) hormone therapy (HT) trials reported that conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) with or without medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) increases risk for all-cause dementia and global cognitive decline. WHIMS MRI measured subclinical cerebrovascular disease as a possible mechanism to explain cognitive decline reported in WHIMS.; Methods: We contacted 2,345 women […]

Ibuprofen treatment modifies cortical sources of EEG rhythms in mild Alzheimer’s disease
Objective: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen have a protective role on risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here we evaluated the hypothesis that long-term ibuprofen treatment affects cortical sources of resting electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms in mild AD patients.; Methods: Twenty-three AD patients (13 treated AD IBUPROFEN; 10 untreated AD PLACEBO) were enrolled. Resting EEG data […]

Relative effects of tamoxifen, raloxifene, and conjugated equine estrogens on cognition
Objective: To compare the relative effects of conjugated equine estrogens (CEE), raloxifene, and tamoxifen therapies on cognition among women aged > or =65 years.; Methods: Annual Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) examinations were used to assess global cognitive function in the two randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials of CEE therapies of the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study […]

Aerobic exercise improves cognition for older adults with glucose intolerance, a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease
Impaired glucose regulation is a defining characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pathology and has been linked to increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Although the benefits of aerobic exercise for physical health are well-documented, exercise effects on cognition have not been examined for older adults with poor glucose regulation associated with prediabetes […]

Effects of aerobic exercise on mild cognitive impairment: a controlled trial
Objectives: To examine the effects of aerobic exercise on cognition and other biomarkers associated with Alzheimer disease pathology for older adults with mild cognitive impairment, and assess the role of sex as a predictor of response.; Design: Six-month, randomized, controlled, clinical trial.; Setting: Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System clinical research unit.; Participants: Thirty-three […]

Vitamin D and risk of cognitive decline in elderly persons
Background: To our knowledge, no prospective study has examined the association between vitamin D and cognitive decline or dementia.; Methods: We determined whether low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) were associated with an increased risk of substantial cognitive decline in the InCHIANTI population-based study conducted in Italy between 1998 and 2006 with follow-up assessments […]

Promotion of the mind through exercise (PROMoTE): a proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial of aerobic exercise training in older adults with vascular cognitive impairment
Background: Sub-cortical vascular ischaemia is the second most common etiology contributing to cognitive impairment in older adults, and is frequently under-diagnosed and under-treated. Although evidence is mounting that exercise has benefits for cognitive function among seniors, very few randomized controlled trials of exercise have been conducted in populations at high-risk for progression to dementia. Aerobic-based […]

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