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This database contains 59 studies, archived under the term: "nootropic agents"

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Donepezil combined with natural hirudin improves the clinical symptoms of patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease: a 20-week open-label pilot study

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of donepezil plus natural hirudin in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s Disease.; Methods: In the 20-week, randomized, open-label and controlled study, 84 patients received either donepezil (5 mg/day for the first 4 weeks and 10 mg/day thereafter) or donepezil plus natural hirudin (3 g/day) treatment. Efficacy was reflected by […]

Study of the effects of vinpocetin on cognitive functions

Introduction: Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is a risk factor for the development of certain types of dementia. Mild cognitive impairment is a stage of predementia condition, because the symptoms are similar but not as severe as the symptoms in patients with dementia. Vinpocetine, due to its complex mechanism of action, has an important role in the […]

Long-term safety and tolerability of donepezil 23 mg in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease

Background: Donepezil (23 mg/day) is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Approval was based on results from a 24-week, randomized, double-blind study of patients who were stable on donepezil 10 mg/day and randomized 2:1 to either increase their donepezil dose to […]

Achetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and serum lipokines in Alzheimer’s disease: friend or foe?

Throughout the natural progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the body mass index (BMI) decreases. This is believed to be brought on by the disturbance in the central lipid metabolism, but the exact mechanism is yet unknown. Adipokines (adiponectin, leptin), hormones produced by the adipose tissue, change glucose and lipid metabolism, and have an anorectic effect […]

Evaluation of the regional cerebral blood flow changes during long-term donepezil therapy in patients with Alzheimer’s disease using 3DSRT

Background: We attempt to evaluate objectively the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes during long-term donepezil therapy and the relationship between the clinical response and rCBF change in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD).; Patients and Methods: Thirty-one patients with mild-to-moderate AD (11 men, 20 female; mean age, 76.2 ± 6.7 years) were treated with donepezil […]

Reduction of hippocampal hyperactivity improves cognition in amnestic mild cognitive impairment

Elevated hippocampal activation is observed in conditions that confer risk for Alzheimer’s disease, including amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Studies in relevant animal models have indicated that overactivity in selective hippocampal circuits contributes to cognitive impairment. Here, we tested the effect of reducing hippocampal activation in aMCI. Under placebo treatment, hippocampal activation in the dentate […]

Donepezil for dementia with Lewy bodies: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Objective: Because cholinergic deficits are prominent in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), we investigated the effects of a cholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil, in such patients in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory phase 2 trial.; Methods: One-hundred forty patients with DLB, recruited from 48 specialty centers in Japan, were randomly assigned to receive placebo or 3, 5, […]

Efficacy and tolerability of a once daily formulation of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia: results from a randomised controlled trial

Introduction: A 24-week randomised controlled trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of a 240 mg once-daily preparation of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® in 404 outpatients ≥ 50 years diagnosed with mild to moderate dementia (SKT 9-23), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or vascular dementia (VaD), with neuropsychiatric features (NPI total score ≥ 5).; Methods: Separate […]

Medication adherence and tolerability of Alzheimer’s disease medications: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: The class of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI), including donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, have similar efficacy profiles in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, few studies have evaluated adherence to these agents. We sought to prospectively capture the rates and reasons for nonadherence to ChEI and determine factors influencing tolerability and adherence.; Methods/design: […]

Subgroup analysis of US and non-US patients in a global study of high-dose donepezil (23 mg) in moderate and severe Alzheimer’s disease

To better understand responses in the large number of US-based patients included in a global trial of donepezil 23 mg/d versus 10 mg/d for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer’s disease (AD), post hoc exploratory analyses were performed to assess the efficacy and safety in US and non-US (rest of the world [RoW]) patient subgroups. In both subgroups, donepezil […]

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