Smith, Gwenn S., Laxton, Adrian W., Tang-Wai, David F., McAndrews, Mary Pat, Diaconescu, Andreea Oliviana, Workman, Clifford I., Lozano, Andres M.

Background: The importance of developing unique, neural circuitry-based treatments for the cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer disease (AD) was the impetus for a phase I study of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with AD that targeted the fornix.; Objective: To test the hypotheses that DBS would increase cerebral glucose metabolism in cortical and […]

Egefjord, Lærke, Gejl, Michael, Møller, Arne, Brændgaard, Hans, Gottrup, Hanne, Antropova, Olga, Møller, Niels, Poulsen, Henrik E., Gjedde, Albert, Brock, Birgitte, Rungby, Jørgen

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (DM-2) increases the risk of developing Alzheimer´s disease (AD), and patients with AD are more likely to develop DM-2. DM-2 and AD share some pathophysiological features. In AD, amyloid-β (Aβ) is accumulated as extracellular plaques in the gray matter of the brain, while in DM-2 islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is accumulated […]

Tzimopoulou, Sofia, Cunningham, Vincent J., Nichols, Thomas E., Searle, Graham, Bird, Nick P., Mistry, Prafull, Dixon, Ian J., Hallett, William A., Whitcher, Brandon, Brown, Andrew P., Zvartau-Hind, Marina, Lotay, Narinder, Lai, Robert Y. K., Castiglia, Mary, Jeter, Barbara, Matthews, Julian C., Chen, Kewei, Bandy, Dan, Reiman, Eric M., Gold, Michael, Rabiner, Eugenii A., Matthews, Paul M.

Here we report the first multi-center clinical trial in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ([18F]FDG-PET) measures of brain glucose metabolism as the primary outcome. We contrasted effects of 12 months treatment with the PPARγ agonist Rosiglitazone XR versus placebo in 80 mild to moderate AD patients. Secondary objectives included testing for reduction […]

Satoh, Masayuki, Ishikawa, Hiroyasu, Meguro, Kenichi, Kasuya, Masashi, Ishii, Hiroshi, Yamaguchi, Satoshi

Deficits in the cholinergic system are pronounced in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and are more severe in patients with visual hallucinations (VHs). The aim is to identify the occipital glucose metabolism patterns by positron emission tomography (PET) and the changes following donepezil treatment. 13 DLB patients with VHs were enrolled in the study. After […]

Baker, Laura D., Frank, Laura L., Foster-Schubert, Karen, Green, Pattie S., Wilkinson, Charles W., McTiernan, Anne, Plymate, Stephen R., Fishel, Mark A., Watson, G. Stennis, Cholerton, Brenna A., Duncan, Glen E., Mehta, Pankaj D., Craft, Suzanne

Objectives: To examine the effects of aerobic exercise on cognition and other biomarkers associated with Alzheimer disease pathology for older adults with mild cognitive impairment, and assess the role of sex as a predictor of response.; Design: Six-month, randomized, controlled, clinical trial.; Setting: Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System clinical research unit.; Participants: Thirty-three […]

Squitieri, Ferdinando, Orobello, Sara, Cannella, Milena, Martino, Tiziana, Romanelli, Pantaleo, Giovacchini, Giampiero, Frati, Luigi, Mansi, Luigi, Ciarmiello, Andrea

Purpose: Huntington disease (HD) mutation increases gain-of-toxic functions contributing to glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity. Riluzole interferes with glutamatergic neurotransmission, thereby reducing excitotoxicity, enhancing neurite formation in damaged motoneurons and increasing serum concentrations of BDNF, a brain cortex neurotrophin protecting striatal neurons from degeneration.; Methods: We investigated metabolic and volumetric differences in distinct brain areas between 11 riluzole-treated […]

Riby, L. M., Marriott, A., Bullock, R., Hancock, J., Smallwood, J., McLaughlin, J.

Background/objectives: Previous research investigating the impact of glucose ingestion and/or improvements in glucose regulation has found selective cognitive facilitation on episodic memory tasks in successful ageing and dementia. The present study aimed to extend this research to mild cognitive impairment (MCI).; Subjects/methods: In a repeated-measures design, 24 older adults with and 24 older adults without […]

Dukart, Juergen, Mueller, Karsten, Horstmann, Annette, Vogt, Barbara, Frisch, Stefan, Barthel, Henryk, Becker, Georg, Möller, Harald E., Villringer, Arno, Sabri, Osama, Schroeter, Matthias L.

FDG-PET ([18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography) is frequently used to improve the differential diagnosis of dementia. However, a fundamental methodological issue of the reference area for the intensity normalization procedure is still unsolved. Here, we systematically compared the two most commonly used normalization methods to the cerebral and to the cerebellar metabolic rate for glucose with […]

Tan, R. S.

Objective: To describe the effect of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on the brain activity of two demented, hypogonadal male patients with early and late-stage Alzheimer’s disease (AD), respectively.; Methods: We describe the clinical and positron emission tomography (PET) findings for two individuals, one with early stage and the other with late-stage Alzheimer’s disease, before and […]