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This database contains 166 studies, archived under the term: "Risk Factor Modification"

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Relation of hemoglobin to level of cognitive function in older persons
Background: While decreased hemoglobin concentration is common in the elderly, the relationship of the entire range of hemoglobin concentrations with cognitive function is not well understood.; Methods: Cross-sectional analyses were conducted utilizing data from community-dwelling, older persons participating in the Rush Memory and Aging Project. Proximate to first available hemoglobin measurement, 21 cognitive tests were […]

Postoperative medical complications associated with anesthesia in older adults with dementia
Objectives: To examine the association between anesthetic technique and postoperative complications in older adults with dementia undergoing hip fracture surgery.; Design: Population-based, retrospective cohort study.; Setting: Ontario, Canada.; Participants: All older adults with dementia who underwent surgery for hip fracture repair in Ontario, Canada, between April 1, 2003 and March 31, 2011.; Measurements: The baseline […]

Impact of smoking on cognitive decline in early old age: the Whitehall II cohort study
Context: Smoking is a possible risk factor for dementia, although its impact may have been underestimated in elderly populations because of the shorter life span of smokers.; Objective: To examine the association between smoking history and cognitive decline in the transition from midlife to old age.; Design: Cohort study.; Setting: The Whitehall II study. The […]

Physical activity and cognitive functioning in the oldest old: Within- and between-person cognitive activity and psychosocial mediators
The current study examines the role of social contact intensity, cognitive activity, and depressive symptoms as within- and between-person mediators for the relationships between physical activity and cognitive functioning. All three types of mediators were considered simultaneously using multilevel structural equations modeling with longitudinal data. The sample consisted of 470 adults ranging from 79.37 to […]

Insulin resistance and medial prefrontal gyrus metabolism in women receiving hormone therapy
Insulin resistance (IR) is a putative risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia, and has been shown to impede neuronal glucose metabolism in animal models. This post hoc study focused on metabolic changes in the medial prefrontal region, a brain region exhibiting decline years before documented cognitive changes, relative to high or low IR status […]

Prospective randomized trial to assess effects of continuing hormone therapy on cerebral function in postmenopausal women at risk for dementia
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of estrogen-based hormone therapy (HT) on regional cerebral metabolism in postmenopausal women (mean age = 58, SD = 5) at risk for development of dementia. The prospective clinical trial design included pre- and post-intervention neuroimaging of women randomized to continue (HT+) or discontinue (HT2) therapy […]

High fruit and vegetable intake is positively correlated with antioxidant status and cognitive performance in healthy subjects
A higher daily intake of fruits and vegetables in healthy elderly is associated with an improved antioxidant status in comparison to subjects consuming diets poor in fruits and vegetables, but the impact on cognitive performance is unclear. Healthy community dwellers (45 to 102 years old, n=193) underwent cognitive testing and blood withdrawal for the measurement […]

Increased pulse pressure linked to dementia: further results from the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial – HYVET
Objectives: High blood pressure (BP) has been associated with increased risk of dementia. Concerns have been raised about lowering BP too far in the very elderly and thereby increasing risk. There is some evidence to suggest a potential ‘J’-shaped relationship between DBP and risk of cognitive impairment. This was investigated using data from the HYpertension […]

Effect of 1 night of total sleep deprivation on cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid 42 in healthy middle-aged men: a randomized clinical trial
Importance: Increasing evidence suggests a relationship between poor sleep and the risk of developing Alzheimer disease. A previous study found an effect of sleep on β-amyloid (Aβ), which is a key protein in Alzheimer disease pathology.; Objective: To determine the effect of 1 night of total sleep deprivation on cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 protein levels in […]

Plasma free choline, betaine and cognitive performance: the Hordaland Health Study
Choline and betaine are nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism. Choline is essential for neurodevelopment and brain function. We studied the associations between cognitive function and plasma concentrations of free choline and betaine. In a cross-sectional study, 2195 subjects (55 % women), aged 70-74 years, underwent extensive cognitive testing including the Kendrick Object Learning Test (KOLT), […]

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