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This database contains 166 studies, archived under the term: "Risk Factor Modification"

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Differential perceptions of quality of life (QoL) in community-dwelling persons with mild-to-moderate dementia
Background: Discordance between patient- and caregiver-reported quality of life (QoL) is well recognized. This study sought to (i) identify predictors of discrepancy between patient- and caregiver-rated QoL amongst community-dwelling persons with mild-to-moderate dementia, and (ii) differentiate between patients who systematically rate their QoL lower versus those who rate their QoL higher relative to their caregiver […]

Impaired glucose metabolism slows executive function independent of cerebral ischemic lesions in Japanese elderly: the Takahata study
Objective: Age is known to influence the risk of both cerebral ischemic lesions and impaired cognitive function. Diabetes mellitus (DM) can also be associated with cognitive impairment. However, there has been no study of neuropsychological performance in association with glucose metabolism status and cerebral ischemic lesions in same-aged, community-dwelling elderly persons. The present study was […]

Association of depression with accelerated cognitive decline among patients with type 2 diabetes in the ACCORD-MIND trial
Importance: Depression has been identified as a risk factor for dementia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus but the cognitive domains and patient groups most affected have not been identified.; Objective: To determine whether comorbid depression in patients with type 2 diabetes accelerates cognitive decline.; Design: A 40-month cohort study of participants in the […]

Change in hippocampal volume on magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive decline among older depressed and nondepressed subjects in the neurocognitive outcomes of depression in the elderly study
Introduction: previous studies have linked hippocampal volume change and cognitive decline in older adults with dementia. The authors examined hippocampal volume change and cognitive change in older nondemented adults with and without major depression.; Methods: the sample consisted of 90 depressed individuals and 72 healthy, nondepressed individuals aged 60 years and older who completed at […]

Physical activity reduces hippocampal atrophy in elders at genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease
We examined the impact of physical activity (PA) on longitudinal change in hippocampal volume in cognitively intact older adults at varying genetic risk for the sporadic form of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Hippocampal volume was measured from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans administered at baseline and at an 18-month follow-up in 97 healthy, cognitively intact […]

25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels and cognitive performance and decline in elderly men
Objective: To test the hypothesis that lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels are associated with a greater likelihood of cognitive impairment and risk of cognitive decline.; Methods: We measured 25(OH)D and assessed cognitive function using the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) and Trail Making Test Part B (Trails B) in a cohort of 1,604 men enrolled […]

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and cognitive decline in older adults with hypertension: results from the Cardiovascular Health Study
Background: Hypertension (HTN) is a risk factor for dementia, and animal studies suggest that centrally active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (those that cross the blood-brain barrier) may protect against dementia beyond HTN control.; Methods: Participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Substudy with treated HTN and no diagnosis of congestive heart failure (n = 1054; […]

Statins as neuroprotectants: a comparative in vitro study of lipophilicity, blood-brain-barrier penetration, lowering of brain cholesterol, and decrease of neuron cell death
There is growing evidence to support the hypothesis that statins may act as neuroprotectants in several neuropathological conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease. The mechanisms for neuroprotection are only partially understood, however, and pleiotropic phenomena could be involved. We have made a comparative study of 9 statins (lovastatin, mevastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, cerivastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, pitavastatin, and rosuvastatin), […]

Early ambulation produces favorable outcome and nondemential state in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients older than 70 years of age
Background: We analyzed consecutive subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) cases in patients older than 70 years of age who underwent aneurysm surgery. We report the influence of early ambulation on outcome in advanced-age SAH.; Methods: From 2005 through 2010, 71 aneurysmal SAH cases whose Hunt-Hess grades ranged from 1 to 3 were included. All cases underwent clip […]

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