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This database contains 4 studies, archived under the term: "observer variation"

Development and validation of the Memory Orientation Screening Test (MOST™): A better screening test for dementia

Objectives: Accurate, economical identification of cognitive impairment would increase dementia detection and improve care of older patients.; Design: Analysis of archival neuropsychological data combined 3-word recall, time orientation, list memory, and clock drawing into the Memory Orientation Screening Test (MOST ™). The MOST was compared with Folstein Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Mini-Cog to […]

Reliability and validity of the telephone version of the Cantonese Mini-mental State Examination (T-CMMSE) when used with elderly patients with and without dementia in Hong Kong

Background: The objectives of this study were to examine the reliability and validity of a 26-point telephone version of the Cantonese Mini-mental State Examination (T-CMMSE) for a sample of 65 elderly patients, comprising 31 patients without dementia and 34 patients with dementia, in an acute regional hospital in Hong Kong, and to identify an optimal […]

Utility of the multiple-stimulus without replacement procedure and stability of preferences of older adults with dementia

Paired-stimulus preference assessments have been used effectively with individuals with dementia to identify stimuli to increase engagement and to minimize negative affect and problem behavior.We evaluated whether a multiple-stimulus without replacement preference assessment could be used with older adults with dementia and whether preferences remained stable over time. Seven participants completed preference assessments and confirmatory […]

Clock drawing in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment: recommendations for dementia assessment

Background: Clock drawing is part of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test but may have administration and scoring limitations. We assessed (1) the reliability of the MoCA clock criteria relative to a published error scoring approach, (2) whether command-only administration could distinguish dementia from cognitively intact individuals and (3) the value of adding a clock […]

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