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This database contains 173 studies, archived under the term: "etiology"

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Underestimation of cognitive impairment by Mini-Mental State Examination versus the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in patients with transient ischemic attack and stroke: a population-based study

Background and Purpose: The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is insensitive to mild cognitive impairment and executive function. The more recently developed Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), an alternative, brief 30-point global cognitive screen, might pick up more cognitive abnormalities in patients with cerebrovascular disease.; Methods: In a population-based study (Oxford Vascular Study) of transient ischemic attack […]

Impact of molecular imaging on the diagnostic process in a memory clinic

Background: [(11)C]Pittsburgh compound B ([(11)C]PIB) and [(18)F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([(18)F]FDG) PET measure fibrillar amyloid-β load and glucose metabolism, respectively. We evaluated the impact of these tracers on the diagnostic process in a memory clinic population.; Methods: One hundred fifty-four patients underwent paired dynamic [(11)C]PIB and static [(18)F]FDG PET scans shortly after completing a standard dementia screening. Two-year […]

Rivastigmine in the treatment of dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease: effects on activities of daily living

Aims: To investigate the effects of rivastigmine capsule 3-12 mg/day over 24 weeks on activities of daily living (ADLs) in patients with dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease (PDD).; Methods: Post hocanalysis of a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with PDD (>or=50 years) randomized to rivastigmine 3-12 mg/day (capsules bid) or placebo over […]

Motor effects of REAC in advanced Alzheimer’s disease: results from a pilot trial

We conducted a pilot, randomized, controlled trial to mainly investigate the feasibility, safety, and short-term motor effects of brain stimulation with radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) technology in patients with advanced Alzheimer’s disease (AD) who also experience some gait dysfunction. Neuropostural optimization (NPO) or sham protocol was administered to 31 nursing home patients (mean [SD] […]

Effects of Yokukansan on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in regular treatment for Alzheimer’s disease

Yokukansan (YKS) is used frequently against behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) together with donepezil in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we investigated the efficacy and safety of YKS in patients with AD in a non-blinded, randomized, parallel-group comparison study. Patients who had at least one symptom score of four or more on […]

Effects of music therapy on autonomic nervous system activity, incidence of heart failure events, and plasma cytokine and catecholamine levels in elderly patients with cerebrovascular disease and dementia

Music therapy (MT) has been used in geriatric nursing hospitals, but there has been no extensive research into whether it actually has beneficial effects on elderly patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and dementia. We investigated the effects of MT on the autonomic nervous system and plasma cytokine and catecholamine levels in elderly patients with CVD […]

A randomized, controlled cross-over trial of dermally-applied lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) oil as a treatment of agitated behaviour in dementia

Background: Lavender essential oil shows evidence of sedative properties in neurophysiological and animal studies but clinical trials of its effectiveness as a treatment of agitation in people with dementia have shown mixed results. Study methods have varied widely, however, making comparisons hazardous. To help remedy previous methodological shortcomings, we delivered high grade lavender oil in […]

Effects of centrally acting angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors on functional decline in patients with Alzheimer’s disease

Background: Centrally acting angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (CACE-Is) are associated with reduced rates of cognitive decline in patients with dementia. CACE-Is may also improve exercise tolerance in functionally impaired older adults with normal cognition, suggesting that CACE-Is may positively influence activities of daily living (ADL) in dementia.; Objective: To compare rates of decline in patients […]

Plasma free choline, betaine and cognitive performance: the Hordaland Health Study

Choline and betaine are nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism. Choline is essential for neurodevelopment and brain function. We studied the associations between cognitive function and plasma concentrations of free choline and betaine. In a cross-sectional study, 2195 subjects (55 % women), aged 70-74 years, underwent extensive cognitive testing including the Kendrick Object Learning Test (KOLT), […]

Montreal cognitive assessment performance in patients with Parkinson’s disease with “normal” global cognition according to mini-mental state examination score

Objectives: To examine Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) performance in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) with “normal” global cognition according to Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score.; Design: A cross-sectional comparison of the MoCA and the MMSE.; Setting: Two movement disorders centers at the University of Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center.; Participants: A convenience […]

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