Krikorian, Robert, Eliassen, James C., Boespflug, Erin L., Nash, Tiffany A., Shidler, Marcelle D.

Insulin resistance is implicated in the pathophysiological changes associated with Alzheimer’s disease, and pharmaceutical treatments that overcome insulin resistance improve memory function in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early Alzheimer’s disease. Chromium (Cr) supplementation improves glucose disposal in patients with insulin resistance and diabetes. We sought to assess whether supplementation with Cr might […]

Clare, Linda, Linden, David E. J., Woods, Robert T, Whitaker, Rhiannon, Evans, Suzannah J., Parkinson, Caroline H., van Paasschen, Jorien, Nelis, Sharon M., Hoare, Zoe, Yuen, Kenneth S. L., Rugg, Michael D.

Objectives: To provide evidence regarding the clinical efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation (CR) in early-stage Alzheimer disease (AD).; Design: Single-blind randomized controlled trial comparing CR with relaxation therapy and no treatment.; Setting: Outpatient, community-based setting.; Participants: Sixty-nine individuals (41 women, 28 men; mean age 77.78 years, standard deviation 6.32, range = 56-89) with a diagnosis of […]

Carmichael, Owen, Schwarz, Christopher, Drucker, David, Fletcher, Evan, Harvey, Danielle, Beckett, Laurel, Jack, Clifford R., Jr., Weiner, Michael, DeCarli, Charles

Objective: To evaluate relationships between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based measures of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), measured at baseline and longitudinally, and 1-year cognitive decline using a large convenience sample in a clinical trial design with a relatively mild profile of cardiovascular risk factors.; Design: Convenience sample in a clinical trial design.; Subjects: A total of […]

Squitieri, Ferdinando, Orobello, Sara, Cannella, Milena, Martino, Tiziana, Romanelli, Pantaleo, Giovacchini, Giampiero, Frati, Luigi, Mansi, Luigi, Ciarmiello, Andrea

Purpose: Huntington disease (HD) mutation increases gain-of-toxic functions contributing to glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity. Riluzole interferes with glutamatergic neurotransmission, thereby reducing excitotoxicity, enhancing neurite formation in damaged motoneurons and increasing serum concentrations of BDNF, a brain cortex neurotrophin protecting striatal neurons from degeneration.; Methods: We investigated metabolic and volumetric differences in distinct brain areas between 11 riluzole-treated […]

Silver, Jonathan M., Koumaras, Barbara, Meng, Xiangyi, Potkin, Steven G., Reyes, Patricio F., Harvey, Philip D., Katz, Douglas I., Gunay, Ibrahim, Arciniegas, David B.

Objective: To investigate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of rivastigmine capsules (3-12 mg/day) in a 26-week, multi-centre, open-label extension of a double-blind study.; Methods: Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and persistent cognitive impairment who had received rivastigmine (3-6 mg/day) or placebo for 12 weeks could enter the extension study and receive rivastigmine (< or […]

Salloway, S., Sperling, R., Gilman, S., Fox, N. C., Blennow, K., Raskind, M., Sabbagh, M., Honig, L. S., Doody, R., van Dyck, C. H., Mulnard, R., Barakos, J., Gregg, K. M., Liu, E., Lieberburg, I., Schenk, D., Black, R., Grundman, M.

Background: Bapineuzumab, a humanized anti-amyloid-beta (Abeta) monoclonal antibody for the potential treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD), was evaluated in a multiple ascending dose, safety, and efficacy study in mild to moderate AD.; Methods: The study enrolled 234 patients, randomly assigned to IV bapineuzumab or placebo in 4 dose cohorts (0.15, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg). […]

Nordberg, Agneta, Darreh-Shori, Taher, Peskind, Elaine, Soininen, Hilkka, Mousavi, Malahat, Eagle, Gina, Lane, Roger

Background: The current study aimed to compare the effects of different cholinesterase inhibitors on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities and protein levels, in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients.; Methods and Findings: AD patients aged 50-85 years were randomized to open-label treatment with oral rivastigmine, donepezil or galantamine for 13 weeks. […]

Lu, P. H., Edland, S. D., Teng, E., Tingus, K., Petersen, R. C., Cummings, J. L.

Objective: To determine whether the presence of depression predicts higher rate of progression to Alzheimer disease (AD) in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and whether donepezil treatment beneficially affect this relationship.; Methods: The study sample was composed of 756 participants with aMCI from the 3-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study drug trial […]

Kurita, Akira, Murakami, Maiko, Takagi, Satoshi, Matsushima, Masato, Suzuki, Masahiko

Visual hallucinations (VHs) are common in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s disease with dementia (PDD), while auditory hallucinations are rare. To neurophysiologically investigate the pathophysiology of VHs in these disorders, we studied event-related potentials (ERPs) of DLB, PDD, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. We compared visual and auditory ERP latencies among PDD patients […]

Dukart, Juergen, Mueller, Karsten, Horstmann, Annette, Vogt, Barbara, Frisch, Stefan, Barthel, Henryk, Becker, Georg, Möller, Harald E., Villringer, Arno, Sabri, Osama, Schroeter, Matthias L.

FDG-PET ([18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography) is frequently used to improve the differential diagnosis of dementia. However, a fundamental methodological issue of the reference area for the intensity normalization procedure is still unsolved. Here, we systematically compared the two most commonly used normalization methods to the cerebral and to the cerebellar metabolic rate for glucose with […]