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This database contains 166 studies, archived under the term: "Risk Factor Modification"

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The effect of a pre- and post-operative orthogeriatric service on cognitive function in patients with hip fracture. The protocol of the Oslo Orthogeriatrics Trial
Background: Hip fractures mainly affect older people. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and in particular a high frequency of delirium. Incident delirium following hip fracture is associated with an increased risk of dementia in the following months, but it is still not firmly established whether this is an association or a causal […]

Differences in verbal memory performance in postmenopausal women receiving hormone therapy: 17β-estradiol versus conjugated equine estrogens
Objective: Much controversy exists and many questions remain unanswered about the effects of hormone therapy (HT) on cognition in postmenopausal women. There is growing evidence suggesting that HT compounds containing conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) have negative effects on cognition whereas 17β-estradiol (17β-E) either has positive or neutral effects. The present study sought to further examine […]

The effects of ramipril in individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s disease: results of a pilot clinical trial
Research shows that certain antihypertensives taken during midlife confer Alzheimer’s disease (AD) related benefits in later life. We conducted a clinical trial to evaluate the extent to which the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I), ramipril, affects AD biomarkers including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β (Aβ) levels and ACE activity, arterial function, and cognition in participants with […]

Dietary antioxidants and dementia in a population-based case-control study among older people in South Germany
Oxidative stress is believed to play a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease. Antioxidants may prevent the onset AD as high dietary intake of vitamin C and E were reported to be associated with lower risk of the disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the serum […]

Screening cognition in the elderly with metabolic syndrome
Background: Metabolic syndrome reaches its highest prevalence in the elderly, and evidence suggests that metabolic syndrome could be an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment. The aims of this study were to detect whether patients with metabolic syndrome have lower cognition and to investigate whether there is a relationship with cognition and single metabolic syndrome […]

Study protocol: a randomised controlled trial of the effects of a multi-modal exercise program on cognition and physical functioning in older women
Background: Intervention studies testing the efficacy of cardiorespiratory exercise have shown some promise in terms of improving cognitive function in later life. Recent developments suggest that a multi-modal exercise intervention that includes motor as well as physical training and requires sustained attention and concentration, may better elicit the actual potency of exercise to enhance cognitive […]

Dietary patterns are associated with cognition among older people with mild cognitive impairment
There has been increasing interest in the influence of diet on cognition in the elderly. This study examined the cross-sectional association between dietary patterns and cognition in a sample of 249 people aged 65-90 years with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Two dietary patterns; whole and processed food; were identified using factor analysis from a 107-item; […]

Conservative versus surgical management of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial: study protocol
There is no level I evidence to indicate whether placement of a shunt is effective in the management of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH), because no trial has as yet compared the placement of a shunt versus no shunt in a randomized controlled manner. We started recruiting patients into a prospective double-blind randomized controlled study […]

Cognitive intervention response is related to habitual physical activity in older adults
Background and Aims: This study analysed the associations between physical activity and the effects of cognitive training on perceived cognitive functioning and life satisfaction in older adults.; Methods: A sample of 114 intervention group participants (65-89 yrs) received weekly group sessions of cognitive stimulation for two months. This sample was stratified into groups according to […]

Effect of a human-type communication robot on cognitive function in elderly women living alone
Background: Considering the high prevalence of dementia, it would be of great value to develop effective tools to improve cognitive function. We examined the effects of a human-type communication robot on cognitive function in elderly women living alone.; Material/methods: In this study, 34 healthy elderly female volunteers living alone were randomized to living with either […]

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